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AIDS IN AFRICA
The conflict of ordinary African people against HIV and AIDS in Africa has taken a long time to get appropriate media attention is the reason I have selected this topic as one of my issue for project.
Africa's first official case of AIDS was reported in 1982. However, Avert, an international AIDS charity based in the United Kingdom, cites past studies that suggest cases of AIDS in Africa designer sunglasses for women as early as the 1960s. The disease reached epidemic levels in Africa in the 1980s and continued to spread in the years that followed. Transmission of the disease was especially rapid in the area of East Africa around Lake Victoria.
Since the earliest reported cases in the 1980s, AIDS has been a global epidemic. Nowhere, however, has the disease been more devastating than in Africa. Although it has only one-eighth of the world's population, Africa accounts for two-thirds of people infected with AIDS and 75 percent of all deaths from the disease. AIDS has affected all areas of African society?and poses serious challenges to what is already one of the poorest regions of the world.

Factors

Research by national and international organizations, including AIDS Action, the World health?Organization and the United Nations, have cited a variety of economic, social and cultural factors as contributing to the spread of AIDS across Africa. Those factors include poverty, the low social status of women, prostitution, social biases against condoms and worker migration. Truck drivers and other workers far from their homes and families?often patronized prostitutes, contributing to the spread of the disease.
The incidence of HIV infection and AIDS varies across regions of Africa. The rate of infection is much higher in southern Africa than in eastern and western Africa. In South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe, an estimated 15 percent to 20 percent of the population is infected with HIV. In Botswana, the infection rate is more than 23 percent. Infection rates exceed 5 percent in East African nations such as Kenya and Uganda. In Nigeria, HIV infection rates are 3 percent. One of Africa's lowest HIV infection rates is in Senegal, where the rate is estimated to be less than 1 percent. Senegal was one of the first African nations to take aggressive action against the disease.
IT'S IMPACT

Between 1999 and 2000 more people died of AIDS in Africa than in all the wars on the continent, as mentioned by the UN Secretary General, discount armani sunglasses Kofi Anna.
According to the United Nations, AIDS is the leading cause of death in Africa. Women account for nearly 60 percent of AIDS cases in Africa. Women and young people ages 15 to 24 are at the greatest risk, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. In addition, many African newborns are infected with the disease because of transmission from HIV-positive mothers. The prevalence of AIDS among adults has devastated the economies of many African nations, with many people missing work because of illness. Deaths among teachers have seriously affected education systems in many African nations.
HIV and AIDS does not only affects the economy of the country but its impact is far more wide. Countries which is heavily affected by AIDS epidemic there is a huge pressure on hospitals? and health sector.
As the cases of HIV rises, the strain on hospitals increases. In sub-Saharan Africa people with HIV occupy more than half of the beds. The shortage of bed results in admitting people only in later stages of illness, reducing their chances of recovery. Government-funded research in South Africa has suggested that on average HIV-positive patients stay in hospital four times longer than other patients.
While AIDS is causing an increased demand for health services, large numbers of healthcare professionals are being directly affected by the epidemic. botswana, for example, lost 17% of its healthcare workforce due to AIDS between 1999 and 2005. A study in one region of Zambia?found that 40% of midwives were HIV-positive.?Healthcare workers are already scarce in most African countries. Excessive workloads, poor pay and migration to richer countries are among the factors contributing to this shortage.
Although the recent increase in the provision of antiretroviral drugs (which significantly delay the progression from HIV to AIDS) has brought hope to many in Africa, it has also put increased strain on healthcare workers. Providing antiretroviral treatment to everyone who needs it requires more time and training than is currently available in most countries.
"She then led me to the kitchen and showed me empty buckets of food and said they had nothing to eat that day just like other days."
HIV and AIDS can be considered one and a main reason for the prevailing poverty in Africa. A study in South Africa found that poor households coping with members who are sick from HIV or AIDS were reducing spending on necessities even further. The most likely expenses to be cut were clothing (21%), electricity (16%) and other services (9%). Falling incomes forced about 6% of households to reduce the amount they spent on food and almost half of households reported having insufficient food at times.
AIDS affects different segments of society in different ways. For example, children may have to care for an ill parent. Schooling may suffer as a result. Other times, children become orphans as parents succumb to AIDS. If they are lucky, children may have grandparents or relatives to help who then face the burden of raising many children.
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Over 60 percent of those infected with HIV/AIDS in Africa are women. The high rates of female infection can be traced to social practices that assume male dominance in sexual relationships; thus, even if women know the risk of unprotected sex, they are often unable to do anything about it. Of the upwards of 15 million orphaned armani sunglasses men children worldwide who have lost their parents to AIDS, about 12 million are in sub-Saharan Africa. Over two million sub-Saharan African children are living with HIV, equating to 85 percent of all HIV-positive children globally. The majority of these children were infected by their mothers during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding.